Yes, Ayurveda can treat such periods. In Fact Ayurveda has the most simple and effective treatment for painful irregular periods. There are many ways which can help in purifying blood and gradually restore the health of the uterus which results in regular, healthy periods.

Causes of painful irregular periods can be :

Improper or Poor diet or wrong dietary habits
Thoughts causing Stress and Anxiety
Living Habits: lack of physical exercise or over-exertion
Improper Medications
Long Term disease or illness.

Symptoms of painful irregular periods are :

Occurrence of periods after you had your menopause.
Bleeding that is not a part of your natural periodic cycle.
Heavy periods as compared to the usual or longer ones.
Period occurring more than once in 21 days.
Period less often than once in 35 days.

Apana vata is responsible for normal regulation of menstruation, when this vata gets disturbed due to some causative factors, it causes painful irregular periods in women.